About the Authors

R. Alexander Pyron

rpyron@gc.cuny.edu

Affiliations Department of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Frank T. Burbrink

Affiliation Department of Biology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Timothy J. Guiher

Affiliations Department of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RAP FTB TJG. Performed the experiments: RAP. Analyzed the data: RAP TJG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FTB. Wrote the paper: RAP FTB TJG.