About the Authors

Yuan Wang

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Christian Werz

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Dongbin Xu

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Zhihong Chen

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Ying Li

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Ernst Hafen

Affiliation Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Andreas Bergmann

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: abergman@mdanderson.org

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AB YW. Performed the experiments: YW. Analyzed the data: AB YW. Wrote the paper: AB YW. Other: Isolated D-cbl mutants: DX YL. Designed the experiments in Figure 1E–F: EH. Provided technical assistance: ZC. Performed the experiments in Figure 1E–F: CW.