About the Authors

Yuka Nadai

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Lindsay M. Eyzaguirre

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Niel T. Constantine

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Anne M. Sill

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Farley Cleghorn

Affiliation Futures Group, Washington, D. C., United States of America

William A. Blattner

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Jean K. Carr

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jecarr@ihv.umaryland.edu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YN JC. Performed the experiments: YN LE. Analyzed the data: YN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AS. Wrote the paper: YN. Other: Supervised the project as PI on the grant: WB. Initial PI on the grant: FC. Organized the research: FC. Contributed the viral load data of the samples: NC. Coordinated the laboratory: JC. Edited the manuscript: JC. Supervised the experiments: JC.