About the Authors

Jenni E. Pettay

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jenni.pettay@utu.fi

Affiliation Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Samuli Helle

Affiliation Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Jukka Jokela

Affiliations Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland

Virpi Lummaa

Affiliation Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VL JP SH. Performed the experiments: JP. Analyzed the data: JP. Wrote the paper: JJ VL JP SH.