About the Authors

Caroline S. Wagner

wagner.911@osu.edu

Affiliation Battelle Center for Science and Technology Policy, John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America

Edwin Horlings

Affiliation Rathenau Institute, The Hague, Netherlands

Travis A. Whetsell

Affiliation Battelle Center for Science and Technology Policy, John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America

Pauline Mattsson

Affiliation Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 171 77

Katarina Nordqvist

Affiliation Nobel Museum, Stortorget 2, Gamla Stan, Box 2245, 103 16 Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

During the time of this research, KN served as the director of research at the Nobel Library in Sweden, which is associated with the Nobel Committee. PM worked directly with KN as a post-doctoral researcher funded by the Swedish government.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CW PM TW KN. Performed the experiments: CW EH TW PM. Analyzed the data: CW EH TW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EH. Wrote the paper: CW TW PM KN.