About the Authors

Nigam H. Shah

Contributed equally to this work with: Nigam H. Shah, Paea LePendu

nigam@stanford.edu

Affiliation Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Paea LePendu

Contributed equally to this work with: Nigam H. Shah, Paea LePendu

Affiliation Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Anna Bauer-Mehren

Affiliation Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Yohannes T. Ghebremariam

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America

Srinivasan V. Iyer

Affiliation Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Jake Marcus

Affiliation Practice Fusion, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Kevin T. Nead

Affiliation Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

John P. Cooke

Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America

Nicholas J. Leeper

Affiliation Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

PL, ABM, SVI, and NHS are inventors on technology disclosures and/or patents, name: Methods for Ontology based Analytics and numbers: US13/273,038, US13/420,402, US13/424,375, and US13/424,376, owned by Stanford University, that enable the use of clinical text for data-mining. JPC and YTG are inventors on patents titled: Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Inhibitors and Methods of Use Thereof and number: US13/766,336, owned by Stanford University, that protect the use of agents that therapeutically modulate the DDAH/NOS pathway. YTG and JPC are also founders of Altitude Pharma, Inc., a biotechnology Company that is developing PPI-based products for airway diseases. Apixio, Inc. partly funded this study. JM is an employee of Practice Fusion, Inc., which owns inventions by JM. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NHS JPC NJL PL ABM SVI. Performed the experiments: YTG. Analyzed the data: JM KTN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PL ABM SVI. Wrote the paper: NHS PL NJL. Participated in the editing of the manuscript: NHS PL ABM YTG SVI JM KTN JPC NJL.