About the Authors

Ying Li

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Umamahesw Balasubramanian

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Devon Cohen

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Ping-Wu Zhang

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Elizabeth Mosmiller

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Ansari ALS Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Research at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Rita Sattler

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Nicholas J. Maragakis

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Ansari ALS Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Research at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Jeffrey D. Rothstein

jrothstein@jhmi.edu

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YL JDR. Performed the experiments: YL DC. Analyzed the data: YL JDR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EM PWZ. Wrote the paper: YL NJM RS JDR. Technical support: UB.