About the Authors

Kirsten McEwan

mcewank@cf.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Paul Gilbert

Affiliation Mental Health Research Unit, Kingsway Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom

Stephane Dandeneau

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Sigrid Lipka

Affiliation Centre for Psychological Research, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom

Frances Maratos

Affiliation Centre for Psychological Research, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom

Kevin B. Paterson

Affiliation College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Mark Baldwin

Affiliation Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KM PG SL FM KP. Performed the experiments: KM KP. Analyzed the data: KM SD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KM SD MB. Wrote the paper: KM PG SL FM. Assisted with the VPT design and programming, recruited participants, commented on drafts of the manuscript: KP. Commented on the study design, conducted additional analyses, commented on drafts of the manuscript: MB.