About the Authors

Clare L. Atzema

clare.atzema@ices.on.ca

Affiliations Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Peter C. Austin

Affiliation Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Libo Wu

Affiliation Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael Brzozowski

Affiliations Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael J. Feldman

Affiliations Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael McDonnell

Affiliations Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Laurie Mazurik

Affiliations Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CLA PCA LW MB MJF MM LM. Performed the experiments: CLA LW MB MJF MM LM. Analyzed the data: CLA PCA. Wrote the manuscript: CLA PCA LW MB MJF MM LM.