About the Authors

Zhaohui Qian

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Samuel R. Dominguez

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Kathryn V. Holmes

kathryn.holmes@ucdenver.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZQ SRD KVH. Performed the experiments: ZQ. Analyzed the data: ZQ SRD KVH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZQ SRD KVH. Wrote the manuscript: ZQ SRD KVH.