About the Authors

Shevin T. Jacob

sjacob2@uw.edu

Affiliations University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, University of Washington, International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center (INTERSECT), Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Patricia B. Pavlinac

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Lydia Nakiyingi

Affiliations Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda

Patrick Banura

Affiliation Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda

Jared M. Baeten

Affiliations University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Karen Morgan

Affiliation Joint Clinical Research Centre, JCRC TB Laboratory, Mengo, Uganda

Amalia Magaret

Affiliations University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Yuka Manabe

Affiliation Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Steven J. Reynolds

Affiliations Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, National Institutes of Health, Department of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

W. Conrad Liles

Affiliation University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Anna Wald

Affiliations University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda

Moses L. Joloba

Affiliation Makerere University, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kampala, Uganda

Harriet Mayanja-Kizza

Affiliation Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda

W. Michael Scheld

Affiliation University of Virginia, Department of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: STJ PB HMK WMS. Performed the experiments: LN KM. Analyzed the data: STJ PP JMB AM AW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KM YM SJR AW. Wrote the paper: STJ PP LN PB JMB KM AM YM SJR WCL AW MLJ HMK WMS.