About the Authors

Irundika H. K. Dias

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Ian L. C. Chapple

Affiliation School of Dentistry, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Mike Milward

Affiliation School of Dentistry, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Melissa M. Grant

Affiliation School of Dentistry, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Eric Hill

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

James Brown

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Helen R. Griffiths

h.r.griffiths@aston.ac.uk

Affiliation Life and Health Sciences, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HRG ILC. Performed the experiments: IHKD MM JEPB EJH . Analyzed the data: HRG ILC JEPB EJH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MM MMG. Wrote the manuscript: IHKD HRG ILC.