About the Authors

Taylor M. Wilcox

taylor.wilcox@umontana.edu

Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America

Kevin S. McKelvey

Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America

Michael K. Young

Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America

Stephen F. Jane

Affiliation Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Winsor H. Lowe

Affiliation Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America

Andrew R. Whiteley

Affiliation Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael K. Schwartz

Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TMW KSM MKY SFJ WHL ARW MKS. Performed the experiments: TMW SFJ. Analyzed the data: TMW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KSM MKY SFJ MKS. Wrote the paper: TMW KSM MKY SFJ WHL ARW MKS.