About the Authors

Sudeep S. Gill

sudeep.gill@ices.on.ca

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Neeraj Gupta

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Chaim M. Bell

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Paula A. Rochon

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Women's College Research Institute at Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Peter C. Austin

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Andreas Laupacis

Affiliations Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

SSG is a member of the Committee to Evaluate Drugs, which provides advice to the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care on drug-related matters such as drugs to list on the provincial formulary. NG, CMB, PAR, PCA, and AL all declare that they have no competing interests related to this manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SSG NG PCA. Performed the experiments: SSG NG PCA. Analyzed the data: SSG NG CMB PAR PCA AL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SSG NG CMB PAR PCA AL. Wrote the paper: SSG NG CMB PAR PCA AL.