About the Authors
- Michael P. Muehlenbein
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* E-mail: mpm1@indiana.edu
Affiliations Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America, Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Marc Ancrenaz
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Affiliations Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia, North of England Zoological Society, Chester, United Kingdom
- Rosman Sakong
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Affiliation Red Ape Encounters, Sukau, Sabah, Malaysia
- Laurentius Ambu
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Affiliation Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Sean Prall
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Affiliation Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Grace Fuller
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Affiliations Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Mary Ann Raghanti
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Affiliations Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: At the time of sample collection, Dr. Sakong was an employee of Red Ape Encounters (but is no longer). Dr. Ancrenaz was also a founding member of Red Ape Encounters. These previous affiliations have not influenced data analyses, interpretation of results, manuscript preparation or decision to publish. These previous affiliations do not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MPM MA. Performed the experiments: MPM. Analyzed the data: MPM SP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RS LA GF MAR. Wrote the paper: MPM. Collected and extracted the wild samples: RS. Collected and extracted the captive samples: GF MAR. Edited the manuscript: LA SP GF MAR.