About the Authors

Susan G. Heaslip

Susan.Heaslip@dal.ca (SGH); mcjames@dal.ca (MCJ)

Affiliation Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Sara J. Iverson

Affiliation Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

W. Don Bowen

Affiliations Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

Michael C. James

Susan.Heaslip@dal.ca (SGH); mcjames@dal.ca (MCJ)

Affiliations Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MCJ. Performed the experiments: MCJ. Analyzed the data: SGH SJI WDB MCJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SGH SJI WDB MCJ. Wrote the paper: SGH SJI WDB MCJ.