About the Authors

Kirsty F. Smith

kirsty.smith@cawthron.org.nz

Affiliations Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Lauren Stefaniak

Affiliation Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America

Yasunori Saito

Affiliation Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Shizuoka, Japan

Chrissen E. C. Gemmill

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

S. Craig Cary

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Andrew E. Fidler

Affiliation Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KFS AEF. Performed the experiments: KFS AEF YS. Analyzed the data: KSF AEF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KFS AEF LS. Wrote the paper: KFS AEF CECG SCC.