About the Authors

Anna Chmiel

Affiliation Center of Excellence for Complex Systems Research, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Julian Sienkiewicz

Affiliation Center of Excellence for Complex Systems Research, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Mike Thelwall

Affiliation Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, School of Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom

Georgios Paltoglou

Affiliation Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, School of Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom

Kevan Buckley

Affiliation Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, School of Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom

Arvid Kappas

Affiliation School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Janusz A. Hołyst

jholyst@if.pw.edu.pl

Affiliation Center of Excellence for Complex Systems Research, Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JAH. Analyzed the data: AC JS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AC JAH. Wrote the paper: JAH JS MT AK. Provided the data: KB. Designed the classifier and pre-processed the data: GP.