About the Authors

Shadi Shokralla

sshokral@uoguelph.ca

Affiliation Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Xin Zhou

Affiliation Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Daniel H. Janzen

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Winnie Hallwachs

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jean-François Landry

Affiliation Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Luke M. Jacobus

Affiliation Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America

Mehrdad Hajibabaei

Affiliation Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SS MH. Performed the experiments: SS. Analyzed the data: SS XZ LMJ MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SS DHJ WH J-FL MH. Wrote the paper: SS XZ MH. Edited the manuscript: DJ WH J-FL.