About the Authors

Mary Hagedorn

hagedornm@si.edu

Affiliations Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. United States of America, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, United States of America

Virginia L. Carter

Affiliations Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. United States of America, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MH VLC. Performed the experiments: VLC. Analyzed the data: MH VLC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MH VLC. Wrote the paper: MH VLC.