About the Authors

Li Zhaoping

z.li@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Wilson S. Geisler

Affiliation Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America

Keith A. May

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LZ. Performed the experiments: LZ. Analyzed the data: LZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LZ. Wrote the paper: LZ. Conceived and formulated the project, derived the mathematics, searched and studied literature, performed the data analysis, and wrote and edited the manuscript: LZ. Proposed to apply the idea to dichromat data and collaborated with LZ in the process by searching the literature and discussions, helped with background literature in general, and edited the manuscript very carefully: KAM. Helped with the background literature and edited the manuscript: WSG.