About the Authors

Gerhard Pohle

gpohle@huntsmanmarine.ca

Affiliation Atlantic Reference Centre, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada

Katrin Iken

Affiliation School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

K. Robert Clarke

Affiliation Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Thomas Trott

Affiliation Department of Biology, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Brenda Konar

Affiliation School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Juan José Cruz-Motta

Affiliation Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Centro de Biodiversidad Marina, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela

Melisa Wong

Affiliation Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada

Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa (National Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Sciences), Pisa, Italy

Angela Mead

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Patricia Miloslavich

Affiliation Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Centro de Biodiversidad Marina, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela

Nova Mieszkowska

Affiliation Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Rebecca Milne

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Laura Tamburello

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, CoNISMa (National Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Sciences), Pisa, Italy

Ann Knowlton

Affiliation School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America

Edward Kimani

Affiliation Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya

Yoshihisa Shirayama

Affiliation Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, Wakayama, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GP KI BK JJC-M LB-C PM EK YS. Performed the experiments: GP KI KRC TT BK JJC-M MW LB-C AM PM NM RM LT AK EK YS. Analyzed the data: GP KRC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GP KI KRC TT BK JJC-M MW LB-C AM PM NM RM LT AK EK YS. Wrote the paper: GP KI KRC TT BK JJC-M MW LB-C AM PM NM RM LT AK EK YS.