About the Authors
- Christopher A. Mullin
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* E-mail: camullin@psu.edu
Affiliation Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Maryann Frazier
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Affiliation Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- James L. Frazier
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Affiliation Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Sara Ashcraft
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Affiliation Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Roger Simonds
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Affiliation National Science Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Marketing Service, Gastonia, North Carolina, United States of America
- Dennis vanEngelsdorp
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Affiliation Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Jeffery S. Pettis
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Affiliation Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CAM MF JF Dv JSP. Performed the experiments: CAM MF SA RS. Analyzed the data: CAM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CAM SA RS Dv JSP. Wrote the paper: CAM MF JF.