About the Authors
- Emily S. Almberg
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* E-mail: almb0001@umn.edu
Affiliation Department of Natural Resources, Science, and Management, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- L. David Mech
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Affiliations Department of Natural Resources, Science, and Management, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Douglas W. Smith
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Affiliation Yellowstone Center for Resources, Wolf Project, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States of America
- Jennifer W. Sheldon
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Affiliation Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Robert L. Crabtree
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Affiliation Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: ESA DM DWS JWS RLC. Performed the experiments: DWS JWS RLC. Analyzed the data: ESA. Wrote the paper: ESA DM.