About the Authors

John D. Young

dingeyoung@hotmail.com

Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Adjunct Faculty, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America

Jan Martel

Contributed equally to this work with: Jan Martel, David Young

Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

Lena Young

Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Cheng-Yeu Wu

Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

Andrew Young

Affiliation Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

David Young

Contributed equally to this work with: Jan Martel, David Young

Current address: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JDEY. Performed the experiments: JDEY JM LY CYW AY DY. Analyzed the data: JDEY JM LY CYW AY DY. Wrote the paper: JDEY JM.