About the Authors

Sylvane Desrivières

Contributed equally to this work with: Sylvane Desrivières, Kristina Krause

Affiliation Section of Addiction Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Group “Addiction” and NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom

Kristina Krause

Contributed equally to this work with: Sylvane Desrivières, Kristina Krause

Affiliations Section of Addiction Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Group “Addiction” and NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Anne Dyer

Affiliation Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Josef Frank

Affiliation Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Dorothea Blomeyer

Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Mark Lathrop

Affiliation Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, Paris

Karl Mann

Affiliation Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Tobias Banaschewski

Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Manfred Laucht

manfred.laucht@zi-mannheim.de

Affiliations Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany, Division of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Germany

Gunter Schumann

Affiliations Section of Addiction Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Group “Addiction” and NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GS TB ML. Performed the experiments: ML SD ML. Analyzed the data: SD KK JF DB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ML GS DB KM ML AD. Wrote the paper: SD. Other: Organized collaboration between the different institutions: GS.