ࡱ > g ! bjbjVV 4J r< r< 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D , p | D 0 ; = = = = = = $ Z a 0 a 0 0 v 0 0 ; ; [l2 9 " ' 0 [ 0 0 a a : VariableProxy/derived variableResponse and directionReferenceProxy data SourceSea surface temperatureThermal Stress AnomalyPositive correlation with coral bleaching and diseases ADDIN EN.CITE Selig201015315315317Selig, E. R.Bruno, J. F.A Global Analysis of the Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Preventing Coral LossPLoS OnePLoS Onee9278522010Bruno200772727217Bruno, J. F.Selig, E. R.Casey, K. S.Page, C. A.Willis, B. L.Harvell, C. D.Sweatman, H.Melendy, A. M.Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of coral disease outbreaksPLoS BiolPLoS Biole124562007Bruno et al. 2007; Selig and Bruno 2010; Bruno NOAA SSTSea surface temperature anomalyPositive correlation with coral bleaching and diseases ADDIN EN.CITE Selig201015315315317Selig, E. R.Bruno, J. F.A Global Analysis of the Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Preventing Coral LossPLoS OnePLoS Onee9278522010Bruno200772727217Bruno, J. F.Selig, E. R.Casey, K. S.Page, C. A.Willis, B. L.Harvell, C. D.Sweatman, H.Melendy, A. M.Thermal stress and coral cover as drivers of coral disease outbreaksPLoS BiolPLoS Biole124562007Bruno et al. 2007; Selig and Bruno 2010(CoRTAD database)Long term meanPositive correlation with bleaching ADDIN EN.CITE McClanahan200745454517McClanahan, T. R.Ateweberhan, M.Muhando, C. A.Maina, J.Mohammed, M. S.Effects of climate and seawater temperature variation on coral bleaching and mortalityEcological MonographsEcological Monographs503-52577420070012-9615Maina et al. 2008NOAA AVHRRSST variabilityNegative correlation with bleaching; non-linear relationship; non linear relationship with coral growth and survival. ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA Potts and Swart 1984; McClanahan et al. 2007; Maina et al. 2008; Ateweberhan and McClanahan 2010 NOAA AVHRR, JCOMM,HADSSTTidesTidal variabilityLarge tidal variability may create stress tolerance in corals on shallow reefs. ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA Brown 1997; Anthony et al. 2004; Storlazzi et al. 2004; Anthony et al. 2007FES2004 modelUVErythermal exposure Tissue damage, stress on coral and zooxanthellae, reduced photosynthetic efficiency particularly in combination with elevated temperatures ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA Dunne and Brown 2001; Fitt et al. 2001; Jokiel et al. 2004; Lesser and Farrell 2004; Ferrier-Pages et al. 2007TOMSWind speedWind speed and low wind (doldrums) durationas wind speed falls, vertical mixing decreases, resulting in decreased evaporative cooling and transfer of deeper cool water, which increases the likelihood of thermal stress on coralsHoegh-Guldberg 1999; Dunne and Brown 2001; Mumby et al. 2001Sea winds ScaterometersParticulate matterChlorophyll aHigh chlorophyll levels may represent stressful eutrophic environments; high chlorophyll a concentration also may shade corals from the effects strong irradiation levels. High chlorophyll is also associated with turbid coastal zones influenced by land drainage or sediment re-suspension. Here chlorophyll is used as an indicator of sedimentation and eutrophication. ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA Szmant and Forrester 1996; Fabricius 2005; Weber et al. 2006; Cooper et al. 2007; Wooldridge 2009 Merged MODIS, MERIS, SeaWIFSTotal Suspended Matter (TSM)Stresses corals; causes mortality to corals ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA Cortes and Risk 1985; Rogers 1990; Nugues and Roberts 2003; Fabricius 2005; Fabricius et al. 2005MERISAppendix S1. A summary of conceptual deductions of reef coral responses to environmental variables (adopted from Maina et al., 2008)..
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