June 2011

Vector control has substantially reduced Chagas disease incidence. Yet, the enzootic nature of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles makes disease elimination impossible. Sylvatic vectors often reinfest insecticide-treated households, and continuous surveillance is key to sustained control. Vector surveillance systems are much more sensitive when the community gets involved in reporting suspect insects; thus, fairly simple participatory strategies can critically enhance Chagas disease vector control (see Abad-Franch et al., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001207).

Image Credit: Antonieta Rojas de Arias (Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica, Pan American Health Organization)

Editorial

Unleashing “Civilian Power”: A New American Diplomacy through Neglected Tropical Disease Control, Elimination, Research, and Development

Peter J. Hotez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001134

Viewpoints

Mapping the Global Distribution of Trachoma: Why an Updated Atlas Is Needed

Jennifer L. Smith, Danny Haddad, Sarah Polack, Emma M. Harding-Esch, Pamela J. Hooper, David C. Mabey, Anthony W. Solomon, Simon Brooker

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000973

Why Is Plasmodium vivax a Neglected Tropical Disease?

Jane M. Carlton, Barbara J. Sina, John H. Adams

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001160

Review

Konzo: From Poverty, Cassava, and Cyanogen Intake to Toxico-Nutritional Neurological Disease

Hipólito Nzwalo, Julie Cliff

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001051

Research Articles

Rabies-Related Knowledge and Practices Among Persons At Risk of Bat Exposures in Thailand

Kis Robertson, Boonlert Lumlertdacha, Richard Franka, Brett Petersen, Saithip Bhengsri, Sununta Henchaichon, Leonard F. Peruski, Henry C. Baggett, Susan A. Maloney, Charles E. Rupprecht

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001054

SCYX-7158, an Orally-Active Benzoxaborole for the Treatment of Stage 2 Human African Trypanosomiasis

Robert T. Jacobs, Bakela Nare, Stephen A. Wring, Matthew D. Orr, Daitao Chen, Jessica M. Sligar, Matthew X. Jenks, Robert A. Noe, Tana S. Bowling, Luke T. Mercer, Cindy Rewerts, Eric Gaukel, Jennifer Owens, Robin Parham, Ryan Randolph, Beth Beaudet, Cyrus J. Bacchi, Nigel Yarlett, Jacob J. Plattner, Yvonne Freund, Charles Ding, Tsutomu Akama, Y.-K. Zhang, Reto Brun, Marcel Kaiser, Ivan Scandale, Robert Don

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001151

The Effect of Egg Embryonation on Field-Use of a Hookworm Benzimidazole-Sensitivity Egg Hatch Assay in Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China

Andrew C. Kotze, Peter Steinmann, Hui Zhou, Zun-Wei Du, Xiao-Nong Zhou

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001203

Selective Decrease of Components of the Creatine Kinase System and ATP Synthase Complex in Chronic Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy

Priscila Camillo Teixeira, Ronaldo Honorato Barros Santos, Alfredo Inácio Fiorelli, Angelina Morand Bianchi Bilate, Luiz Alberto Benvenuti, Noedir Antonio Stolf, Jorge Kalil, Edecio Cunha-Neto

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001205

Developmental Transcriptomic Features of the Carcinogenic Liver Fluke, Clonorchis sinensis

Won Gi Yoo, Dae-Won Kim, Jung-Won Ju, Pyo Yun Cho, Tae Im Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Haeng Choi, Hong-Seog Park, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001208

Evidence of Gene Conversion in Genes Encoding the Gal/GalNac Lectin Complex of Entamoeba

Gareth D. Weedall, James Sherrington, Steve Paterson, Neil Hall

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001209

The Geographic Distribution of Loa loa in Africa: Results of Large-Scale Implementation of the Rapid Assessment Procedure for Loiasis (RAPLOA)

Honorat Gustave Marie Zouré, Samuel Wanji, Mounkaïla Noma, Uche Veronica Amazigo, Peter J. Diggle, Afework Hailemariam Tekle, Jan H. F. Remme

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001210

Synergism between Prior Anisakis simplex Infections and Intake of NSAIDs, on the Risk of Upper Digestive Bleeding: A Case-Control Study

Florencio M. Ubeira, Ana M. Anadón, Angel Salgado, Alfonso Carvajal, Sara Ortega, Carmelo Aguirre, María José López-Goikoetxea, Luisa Ibanez, Adolfo Figueiras

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001214

Parasitic Loads in Tissues of Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Treated with AmBisome

Sabrina Cencig, Nicolas Coltel, Carine Truyens, Yves Carlier

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001216

Contrasting Population Structures of Two Vectors of African Trypanosomoses in Burkina Faso: Consequences for Control

Naférima Koné, Jérémy Bouyer, Sophie Ravel, Marc J. B. Vreysen, Kouadjo T. Domagni, Sandrine Causse, Philippe Solano, Thierry de Meeûs

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001217

Evidence for a Peak Shift in a Humoral Response to Helminths: Age Profiles of IgE in the Shuar of Ecuador, the Tsimane of Bolivia, and the U.S. NHANES

Aaron D. Blackwell, Michael D. Gurven, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, Felicia C. Madimenos, Melissa A. Liebert, Melanie A. Martin, Hillard S. Kaplan, J. Josh Snodgrass

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 28, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001218

Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) for Lineage Assignment and High Resolution Diversity Studies in Trypanosoma cruzi

Matthew Yeo, Isabel L. Mauricio, Louisa A. Messenger, Michael D. Lewis, Martin S. Llewellyn, Nidia Acosta, Tapan Bhattacharyya, Patricio Diosque, Hernan J. Carrasco, Michael A. Miles

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001049

The Influence of Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi on the Clinical Response to Ofloxacin Therapy

Christopher M. Parry, Ha Vinh, Nguyen Tran Chinh, John Wain, James I. Campbell, Tran Tinh Hien, Jeremy J. Farrar, Stephen Baker

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001163

Age-Specificity of Clinical Dengue during Primary and Secondary Infections

Khoa T. D. Thai, Hiroshi Nishiura, Phuong Lan Hoang, Nga Thanh Thi Tran, Giao Trong Phan, Hung Quoc Le, Binh Quang Tran, Nam Van Nguyen, Peter J. de Vries

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001180

Health Services for Buruli Ulcer Control: Lessons from a Field Study in Ghana

Mercy M. Ackumey, Cynthia Kwakye-Maclean, Edwin O. Ampadu, Don de Savigny, Mitchell G. Weiss

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001187

In-Depth Analysis of the Antibody Response of Individuals Exposed to Primary Dengue Virus Infection

Ruklanthi de Alwis, Martina Beltramello, William B. Messer, Soila Sukupolvi-Petty, Wahala M. P. B. Wahala, Annette Kraus, Nicholas P. Olivarez, Quang Pham, James Brian, Wen-Yang Tsai, Wei-Kung Wang, Scott Halstead, Srisakul Kliks, Michael S. Diamond, Ralph Baric, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Federica Sallusto, Aravinda M. de Silva

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001188

Duffy Negative Antigen Is No Longer a Barrier to Plasmodium vivax – Molecular Evidences from the African West Coast (Angola and Equatorial Guinea)

Cristina Mendes, Fernanda Dias, Joana Figueiredo, Vicenta Gonzalez Mora, Jorge Cano, Bruno de Sousa, Virgílio E. do Rosário, Agustin Benito, Pedro Berzosa, Ana Paula Arez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001192

The Diagnostic Sensitivity of Dengue Rapid Test Assays Is Significantly Enhanced by Using a Combined Antigen and Antibody Testing Approach

Scott R. Fry, Michelle Meyer, Matthew G. Semple, Cameron P. Simmons, Shamala Devi Sekaran, Johnny X. Huang, Catriona McElnea, Chang-Yi Huang, Andrea Valks, Paul R. Young, Matthew A. Cooper

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001199

Pyrethroid Resistance Reduces the Efficacy of Space Sprays for Dengue Control on the Island of Martinique (Caribbean)

Sébastien Marcombe, Frédéric Darriet, Michel Tolosa, Philip Agnew, Stéphane Duchon, Manuel Etienne, Marie Michèle Yp Tcha, Fabrice Chandre, Vincent Corbel, André Yébakima

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001202

Community Participation in Chagas Disease Vector Surveillance: Systematic Review

Fernando Abad-Franch, M. Celeste Vega, Miriam S. Rolón, Walter S. Santos, Antonieta Rojas de Arias

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001207

Characterisation of the Wildlife Reservoir Community for Human and Animal Trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

Neil E. Anderson, Joseph Mubanga, Eric M. Fevre, Kim Picozzi, Mark C. Eisler, Robert Thomas, Susan C. Welburn

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 21, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001211

Justified Concern or Exaggerated Fear: The Risk of Anaphylaxis in Percutaneous Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis—A Systematic Literature Review

Andreas Neumayr, Giuliana Troia, Chiara de Bernardis, Francesca Tamarozzi, Sam Goblirsch, Luca Piccoli, Christoph Hatz, Carlo Filice, Enrico Brunetti

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001154

A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Praziquantel at 40 mg/kg vs. 60 mg/kg for Treating Intestinal Schistosomiasis in the Philippines, Mauritania, Tanzania and Brazil

Piero L. Olliaro, Michel T. Vaillant, Vincente J. Belizario, Nicholas J. S. Lwambo, Mohamed Ouldabdallahi, Otavio S. Pieri, Maria L. Amarillo, Godfrey M. Kaatano, Mamadou Diaw, AnaLucia C. Domingues, Tereza C. Favre, Olivier Lapujade, Fabiana Alves, Lester Chitsulo

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001165

Experimental Transmission of Leishmania infantum by Two Major Vectors: A Comparison between a Viscerotropic and a Dermotropic Strain

Carla Maia, Veronika Seblova, Jovana Sadlova, Jan Votypka, Petr Volf

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001181

Identification of Peptide Mimotopes of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Variant Surface Glycoproteins

Liesbeth Carolien Van Nieuwenhove, Stijn Rogé, Fatima Balharbi, Tessa Dieltjens, Thierry Laurent, Yves Guisez, Philippe Büscher, Veerle Lejon

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001189

Geostatistical Model-Based Estimates of Schistosomiasis Prevalence among Individuals Aged ≤20 Years in West Africa

Nadine Schur, Eveline Hürlimann, Amadou Garba, Mamadou S. Traoré, Omar Ndir, Raoult C. Ratard, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Thomas K. Kristensen, Jürg Utzinger, Penelope Vounatsou

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001194

The Chikungunya Epidemic on La Réunion Island in 2005–2006: A Cost-of-Illness Study

Man-Koumba Soumahoro, Pierre-Yves Boelle, Bernard-Alex Gaüzere, Kokuvi Atsou, Camille Pelat, Bruno Lambert, Guy La Ruche, Marc Gastellu-Etchegorry, Philippe Renault, Marianne Sarazin, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Antoine Flahault, Denis Malvy, Thomas Hanslik

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001197

A Comparison of the Sensitivity and Fecal Egg Counts of the McMaster Egg Counting and Kato-Katz Thick Smear Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Bruno Levecke, Jerzy M. Behnke, Sitara S. R. Ajjampur, Marco Albonico, Shaali M. Ame, Johannes Charlier, Stefan M. Geiger, Nguyen T. V. Hoa, Romuald I. Kamwa Ngassam, Andrew C. Kotze, James S. McCarthy, Antonio Montresor, Maria V. Periago, Sheela Roy, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, D. T. C. Thach, Jozef Vercruysse

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001201

TLR1/2 Activation during Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination (DNA-MVA) Enhances CD8+ T Cell Responses Providing Protection against Leishmania (Viannia)

Asha Jayakumar, Tiago M. Castilho, Esther Park, Karen Goldsmith-Pestana, Jenefer M. Blackwell, Diane McMahon-Pratt

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 14, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001204

Coma Associated with Microscopy-Diagnosed Plasmodium vivax: A Prospective Study in Papua, Indonesia

Daniel A. Lampah, Tsin W. Yeo, Setiawan O. Hardianto, Emiliana Tjitra, Enny Kenangalem, Paulus Sugiarto, Ric N. Price, Nicholas M. Anstey

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001032

Potential Drug Development Candidates for Human Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases

Piero Olliaro, Jürg Seiler, Annette Kuesel, John Horton, Jeffrey N. Clark, Robert Don, Jennifer Keiser

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001138

Predictors of Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review

Gláucia F. Cota, Marcos R. de Sousa, Ana Rabello

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001153

Comparative Microsatellite Typing of New World Leishmania infantum Reveals Low Heterogeneity among Populations and Its Recent Old World Origin

Katrin Kuhls, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Elisa Cupolillo, Gabriel Eduardo M. Ferreira, Isabel L. Mauricio, Rolando Oddone, M. Dora Feliciangeli, Thierry Wirth, Michael A. Miles, Gabriele Schönian

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001155

Effects of Chronic Ascariasis and Trichuriasis on Cytokine Production and Gene Expression in Human Blood: A Cross-Sectional Study

Miguel Reina Ortiz, Fernanda Schreiber, Susana Benitez, Nely Broncano, Martha E. Chico, Maritza Vaca, Neal Alexander, David J. Lewis, Gordon Dougan, Philip J. Cooper

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001157

Protection against Diarrhea Associated with Giardia intestinalis Is Lost with Multi-Nutrient Supplementation: A Study in Tanzanian Children

Jacobien Veenemans, Theo Mank, Maarten Ottenhof, Amrish Baidjoe, Erasto V. Mbugi, Ayse Y. Demir, Jos P. M. Wielders, Huub F. J. Savelkoul, Hans Verhoef

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001158

Increased Vascularity in Cervicovaginal Mucosa with Schistosoma haematobium Infection

Peter Mark Jourdan, Borghild Roald, Gabriele Poggensee, Svein Gunnar Gundersen, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001170

Genetic Control of Resistance to Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Mice

Matyáš Šíma, Helena Havelková, Lei Quan, Milena Svobodová, Taťána Jarošíková, Jarmila Vojtíšková, Alphons P. M. Stassen, Peter Demant, Marie Lipoldová

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001173

Serologic Cross-Reactivity of Human IgM and IgG Antibodies to Five Species of Ebola Virus

Adam MacNeil, Zachary Reed, Pierre E. Rollin

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001175

RNAi Effector Diversity in Nematodes

Johnathan J. Dalzell, Paul McVeigh, Neil D. Warnock, Makedonka Mitreva, David McK. Bird, Pierre Abad, Colin C. Fleming, Tim A. Day, Angela Mousley, Nikki J. Marks, Aaron G. Maule

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001176

Differential Expression of Chemokine and Matrix Re-Modelling Genes Is Associated with Contrasting Schistosome-Induced Hepatopathology in Murine Models

Carly R. Perry, Melissa L. Burke, Deborah J. Stenzel, Donald P. McManus, Grant A. Ramm, Geoffrey N. Gobert

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001178

Burden of Podoconiosis in Poor Rural Communities in Gulliso woreda, West Ethiopia

Getahun Alemu, Fasil Tekola Ayele, Takele Daniel, Christel Ahrens, Gail Davey

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001184

A Cross-Sectional Study of People with Epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in Tanzania: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Approaches

Joachim Blocher, Erich Schmutzhard, Patricia P. Wilkins, Paige N. Gupton, Matthias Schaffert, Herbert Auer, Thaddaeus Gotwald, William Matuja, Andrea S. Winkler

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001185

Polyandry Is a Common Event in Wild Populations of the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and May Impact Population Reduction Measures

Angelica Bonomi, Federico Bassetti, Paolo Gabrieli, Jon Beadell, Marco Falchetto, Francesca Scolari, Ludvik M. Gomulski, Eugenio Regazzini, Johnson O. Ouma, Adalgisa Caccone, Loyce M. Okedi, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Carmela R. Guglielmino, Serap Aksoy, Anna R. Malacrida

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001190

Interferon-γ and Proliferation Responses to Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi Proteins in Patients with S. Typhi Bacteremia in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Alaullah Sheikh, Farhana Khanam, Md. Abu Sayeed, Taibur Rahman, Marcin Pacek, Yanhui Hu, Andrea Rollins, Md. Saruar Bhuiyan, Sean Rollins, Anuj Kalsy, Mohammad Arifuzzaman, Daniel T. Leung, David A. Sarracino, Bryan Krastins, Richelle C. Charles, Regina C. LaRocque, Alejandro Cravioto, Stephen B. Calderwood, W. Abdullah Brooks, Jason B. Harris, Joshua LaBaer, Firdausi Qadri, Edward T. Ryan

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001193

Population Genetics of Trypanosoma evansi from Camel in the Sudan

Bashir Salim, Thierry de Meeûs, Mohammed A. Bakheit, Joseph Kamau, Ichiro Nakamura, Chihiro Sugimoto

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001196

Mapping Helminth Co-Infection and Co-Intensity: Geostatistical Prediction in Ghana

Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães, Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum, John O. Gyapong, Simon Brooker, Yaobi Zhang, Lynsey Blair, Alan Fenwick, Archie C. A. Clements

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published June 7, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001200

Cover

Triatoma infestans control in the Paraguayan Chaco: a SENEPA (National Vector Control Programme) worker sprays an infested household.

Editorial

Viewpoints

Review

Research Articles

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