About the Authors

Jean T. Coulibaly

Affiliations Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Mamadou Ouattara

Affiliations Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Michael V. D’Ambrosio

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Daniel A. Fletcher

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Jennifer Keiser

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Jürg Utzinger

Affiliations Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Eliézer K. N’Goran

Affiliations Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Jason R. Andrews

Contributed equally to this work with: Jason R. Andrews, Isaac I. Bogoch

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Isaac I. Bogoch

Contributed equally to this work with: Jason R. Andrews, Isaac I. Bogoch

isaac.bogoch@uhn.ca

Affiliations Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JC JRA IIB. Performed the experiments: JC MO IIB. Analyzed the data: JC JRA IIB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JC MO MD DF JK JU EKN JRA IIB. Wrote the paper: JC MO MD DF JK JU EKN JRA IIB.