About the Authors

Gaëlle Nicolas

Affiliations International Centre of Research in Agronomy for Development (CIRAD), ES Department– AGIRs Unit, Montpellier, France, Paris-Est University, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France

Véronique Chevalier

Affiliation International Centre of Research in Agronomy for Development (CIRAD), ES Department– AGIRs Unit, Montpellier, France

Luciano Michaël Tantely

Affiliation Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Didier Fontenille

Affiliation Research Institute for Development (IRD), MIVEGEC, Montpellier, France

Benoît Durand

benoit.durand@anses.fr

Affiliation Paris-Est University, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GN VC DF BD. Performed the experiments: GN BD. Analyzed the data: GN BD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GN VC DF LMT BD. Wrote the paper: GN VC BD.