About the Authors

Lucas E. Matemba

Affiliations Tabora Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora, Tanzania, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Eric M. Fèvre

Affiliation Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Stafford N. Kibona

Affiliation Tabora Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora, Tanzania

Kim Picozzi

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Sarah Cleaveland

Affiliation Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Alexandra P. Shaw

Affiliation AP Consultants, Abbotts Ann, Andover, United Kingdom

Susan C. Welburn

sue.welburn@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LEM EMF SNK KP SC SCW. Performed the experiments: LEM. Analyzed the data: LEM EMF APS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SNK APS. Wrote the paper: LEM SCW.