About the Authors

Fred Stephen Sarfo

Affiliation Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Richard O. Phillips

Affiliations Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Brian Rangers

Affiliation University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Engy A. Mahrous

Affiliation University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Richard E. Lee

Affiliation University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Edward Tarelli

Affiliation St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Kingsley B. Asiedu

Affiliation World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Pamela L. Small

Affiliation University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Mark H. Wansbrough-Jones

wansbrou@sgul.ac.uk

Affiliation St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FSS ROP PLCS MHWJ. Performed the experiments: FSS BR EAM REL ET PLCS. Analyzed the data: FSS ROP BR EAM REL ET PLCS MHWJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BR EAM REL ET KBA PLCS MHWJ. Wrote the paper: FSS ROP ET PLCS MHWJ.