About the Authors

Mary J. Warrell

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anna Riddell

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Ly-Mee Yu

Affiliation Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Judith Phipps

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Linda Diggle

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Hervé Bourhy

Affiliation UPRE Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Jonathan J. Deeks

Affiliation Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anthony R. Fooks

Affiliation Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterization of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom

Laurent Audry

Affiliation UPRE Lyssavirus Dynamics and Host Adaptation, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Sharon M. Brookes

Affiliation Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterization of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom

François-Xavier Meslin

Affiliation Zoonoses and VPH, Department of Food Safety, Zoonoses and Foodborne Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Richard Moxon

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Pollard

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

David A. Warrell

mary.warrell@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation The Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

AJP acts as chief investigator for clinical trials conducted on behalf of Oxford University, sponsored by vaccine manufacturers (Novartis Vaccines, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Pasteur MSD, and Wyeth Vaccines). AJP and LD have received assistance from vaccine manufacturers to attend scientific meetings. Industry-sourced honoraria for lecturing or writing are paid directly to an independent charity or an educational/administrative fund held by the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford. RM is a member of the SAB for Novartis. Sanofi Pasteur had no role in the trial design, the conduct of the study or the publication. MJW, AR, ARF, JJP, SMB, HB, LA, JD, F-XM, and DAW have no conflicts of interest.

Author Contributions

Wrote the paper: MJW. Supervised and co-ordinated the project: RM DAW. Conceived the project: MJW DAW. Contributed to the design, acquisition, and analysis of data: HB ARF. Performed and interpreted the statistical analysis: L-MY JJD. Contributed to the design and conduct of the study: MJW AR JP LD JJD AJP. Critically reviewed the manuscript: L-MY LD HB JJD ARF SMB RM AJP DAW. All authors approved the final article. Reviewed the protocol on behalf of the WHO: F-XM. Analysed and interpreted the serology: LA SMB.