About the Authors
- Jeffrey G. Shaffer
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Donald S. Grant, John S. Schieffelin, Matt L. Boisen, Augustine Goba
Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Donald S. Grant
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Donald S. Grant, John S. Schieffelin, Matt L. Boisen, Augustine Goba
Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- John S. Schieffelin
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Donald S. Grant, John S. Schieffelin, Matt L. Boisen, Augustine Goba
Affiliation Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Matt L. Boisen
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Donald S. Grant, John S. Schieffelin, Matt L. Boisen, Augustine Goba
Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- Augustine Goba
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Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey G. Shaffer, Donald S. Grant, John S. Schieffelin, Matt L. Boisen, Augustine Goba
Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Jessica N. Hartnett
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Danielle C. Levy
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Rachael E. Yenni
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Lina M. Moses
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Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Mohammed Fullah
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Mambo Momoh
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Mbalu Fonnie
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Richard Fonnie
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Lansana Kanneh
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Veronica J. Koroma
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Kandeh Kargbo
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Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Darin Ottomassathien
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Affiliation Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- Ivana J. Muncy
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Affiliation Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- Abigail B. Jones
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Affiliation Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- Megan M. Illick
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Affiliation Biofactura Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Peter C. Kulakosky
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Affiliation Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Allyson M. Haislip
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Christopher M. Bishop
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Deborah H. Elliot
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Affiliation Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Bethany L. Brown
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Affiliation Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- Hu Zhu
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Affiliation Vybion Inc., Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Kathryn M. Hastie
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Affiliation Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Kristian G. Andersen
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Affiliations FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stephen K. Gire
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Affiliations FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shervin Tabrizi
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Affiliations FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ridhi Tariyal
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Affiliation Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mathew Stremlau
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Affiliations FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Alex Matschiner
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Affiliation Biofactura Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Darryl B. Sampey
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Affiliation Biofactura Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Jennifer S. Spence
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Robert W. Cross
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Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Joan B. Geisbert
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Onikepe A. Folarin
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Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Christian T. Happi
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Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Kelly R. Pitts
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Affiliation Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- F. Jon Geske
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Affiliation Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, Colorado, United States of America
- Thomas W. Geisbert
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Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Erica Ollmann Saphire
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Affiliations Vybion Inc., Ithaca, New York, United States of America, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- James E. Robinson
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Affiliation Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Russell B. Wilson
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Affiliation Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Pardis C. Sabeti
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Affiliations Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Lee A. Henderson
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Affiliation Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- S. Humarr Khan
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¶These authors jointly supervised this work.
Affiliation Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Daniel G. Bausch
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¶These authors jointly supervised this work.
Affiliation Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Luis M. Branco
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¶These authors jointly supervised this work.
Affiliations Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, Maryland, United States of America
- Robert F. Garry
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* E-mail: rfgarry@tulane.edu
¶These authors jointly supervised this work.
Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Zalgen Labs, LLC, Germantown, Maryland, United States of America
- the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium
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¶‡ Membership of the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium is provided in the Acknowledgments.
Competing Interests
We have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts. The Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium (vhfc.org) is a partnership of academic and industry scientists who are developing diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines for LF and other severe diseases. Tulane University and various industry partners have filed United States and foreign patent applications on behalf of the consortium for several of these technologies. If commercial products are developed, consortium members may receive royalties or profits. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JGS DSG JSS MLB JNH LMM PCK KMH KGA SKG ST MS CTH KRP FJG TWG EOS JER PCS RBW LAH DGB LMB RFG. Performed the experiments: AG MLB JNH DCL REY LMM MFu MM DO IJM ABJ MMI PCK AMH CMB DHE BLB HZ KMH KGA SKG ST RT MS AM DBS JSS JBG OAF RWC FJG EOS LAH LMB RFG. Analyzed the data: JGS MLB JNH JSS DSG PCK CTH RBW PCS LAH DGB LMB RFG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JGS JSS DCL KGA PCS. Wrote the paper: JGS DSG EOS PCK KGA DGB LMB RFG. Clinical evaluation and patient management: DSG SHK MFo VJK. Outreach and case follow-up: RF LK KK LMM.