About the Authors

Kristyn E. Feldman

Affiliation Signaling Systems Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Paul M. Loriaux

Affiliation Signaling Systems Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Mayuko Saito

Current address: Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan.

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Iskra Tuero

Affiliation Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú

Homarh Villaverde

Affiliation Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú

Tenaya Siva

Affiliation Signaling Systems Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Eduardo Gotuzzo

Affiliations Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú, Departmento de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú

Robert H. Gilman

Affiliations Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alexander Hoffmann

ahoffmann@ucsd.edu (AH); jvinetz@ucsd.edu (JMV)

Affiliation Signaling Systems Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Joseph M. Vinetz

ahoffmann@ucsd.edu (AH); jvinetz@ucsd.edu (JMV)

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú, Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KEF AH JMV. Performed the experiments: KEF IT TS. Analyzed the data: KEF PML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EG RHG AH JMV. Wrote the paper: KEF PML AH JMV. Obtained patient permissions and samples: MS HV.