About the Authors

Natalia Tiberti

Affiliation Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Veerle Lejon

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Alexandre Hainard

Affiliation Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Bertrand Courtioux

Affiliations Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

Xavier Robin

Affiliation Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Natacha Turck

Affiliation Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Krister Kristensson

Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Enock Matovu

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

John Charles Enyaru

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, D. R. Congo

Sanjeev Krishna

Affiliation Centre for Infection, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Sylvie Bisser

Affiliations Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Limoges, France, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, School of Medicine, CNRS FR 3503 GEIST, University of Limoges, Limoges, France

Joseph Mathu Ndung′u

Affiliation Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland

Philippe Büscher

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Jean-Charles Sanchez

Jean-Charles.Sanchez@unige.ch

Affiliation Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: V. Lejon, S. Krishna, and P. Büscher were consultants for the Foundation for New Innovative Diagnostics (FIND) at the moment of the analyses. J. Ndung'u is an employee of the Foundation for New Innovative Diagnostics (FIND). All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: N. Tiberti, V. Lejon, A. Hainard, J. Ndung'u, JC. Sanchez. Performed the experiments: N. Tiberti, A. Hainard. Analyzed the data: N. Tiberti, A. Hainard, X. Robin, N. Turck, JC. Sanchez, V. Lejon, S. Krishna, S. Bisser, K. Kristensson, P. Büscher. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: V. Lejon, D. Mumba Ngoyi, X. Robin, P. Büscher. Wrote the paper: N. Tiberti, V. Lejon, A. Hainard, B. Courtioux, X. Robin, N. Turck, K. Kristensson, E. Matovu, J. Enyaru, D. Mumba Ngoyi, S. Krishna, S. Bisser, J. Ndung'u, P. Büscher, JC. Sanchez.