About the Authors

Yang Degang

Affiliations Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Leprosy and Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China

Takeshi Akama

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Takeshi Hara

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Kazunari Tanigawa

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Yuko Ishido

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Masaichi Gidoh

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Masahiko Makino

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Norihisa Ishii

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Koichi Suzuki

koichis@nih.go.jp

Affiliation Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YD KS. Performed the experiments: YD TA TH KT YI. Analyzed the data: YD KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MG MM NI. Wrote the paper: YD KS.