About the Authors

Bonnie L. Webster

B.Webster@imperial.ac.uk

Current address: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Aiden M. Emery

Affiliation Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Joanne P. Webster

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom

Anouk Gouvras

Affiliation Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Amadou Garba

Affiliation Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagement et Lutte (RISEAL-Niger), Niamey, Niger

Oumar Diaw

Affiliation Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal

Mohmoudane M. Seye

Affiliation Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal

Louis Albert Tchuem Tchuente

Affiliations Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Center for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Christopher Simoonga

Affiliation University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia

Joseph Mwanga

Affiliation National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania

Charles Lange

Affiliation Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Curtis Kariuki

Affiliation Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

Khalfan A. Mohammed

Affiliation Helminth Control Laboratory Unguja, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar, Tanzania

J. Russell Stothard

Affiliation Disease Control Strategy Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

David Rollinson

Affiliation Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BLW DR. Performed the experiments: BLW. Analyzed the data: BLW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BLW AME JPW A. Gouvras A. Garba OD MMS LATT CS JM CL CK KAM JRS DR. Wrote the paper: BLW JPW DR.