About the Authors

Wilson Suraweera

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Shaun K. Morris

Affiliations Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Rajesh Kumar

Affiliation School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Chandigarh, India

David A. Warrell

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mary J. Warrell

Affiliation Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology & Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Prabhat Jha

jhap@smh.ca

Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

for the Million Death Study Collaborators

Full list of the Million Death Study Collaborators is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PJ RK. Performed the experiments: PJ RK. Analyzed the data: PJ DAW SKM MJW WS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WS PJ. Wrote the paper: PJ DAW SKM MJW WS.