About the Authors
- Naomi A. Dyer
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Contributed equally to this work with: Naomi A. Dyer, Sophie Ravel
Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Sophie Ravel
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Contributed equally to this work with: Naomi A. Dyer, Sophie Ravel
Affiliation Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD, LRCT Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
- Kwang-Shik Choi
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Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Alistair C. Darby
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Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Sandrine Causse
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Affiliation Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 177 IRD-CIRAD, LRCT Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
- Berisha Kapitano
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Affiliation Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia Tsetse Eradication Project, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Martin J. R. Hall
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Affiliation Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Keith Steen
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Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Pascal Lutumba
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Affiliation Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Joules Madinga
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Affiliation Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kinshasa University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Steve J. Torr
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Affiliation Agriculture, Health and Environment Group, National Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
- Loyce M. Okedi
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Affiliation National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda
- Michael J. Lehane
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Affiliation Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Martin J. Donnelly
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* E-mail: m.j.donnelly@liv.ac.uk
Affiliations Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: NAD SR MJD. Performed the experiments: NAR SR KSC ACD SC MJRH KS. Analyzed the data: NAD SR MJD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BK PL JM ST LMO MJL. Wrote the manuscript: NAD SR MJD.