About the Authors

Oleg Mediannikov

Affiliation URMITE, UMR IRD 198/CNRS 6236, Medical Faculty, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France and Dakar, Senegal

Georges Diatta

Affiliation URMITE, UMR IRD 198/CNRS 6236, Medical Faculty, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France and Dakar, Senegal

Florence Fenollar

Affiliation URMITE, UMR IRD 198/CNRS 6236, Medical Faculty, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France and Dakar, Senegal

Cheikh Sokhna

Affiliation URMITE, UMR IRD 198/CNRS 6236, Medical Faculty, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France and Dakar, Senegal

Jean-François Trape

Affiliation URMITE, UMR IRD 198/CNRS 6236, Medical Faculty, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France and Dakar, Senegal

Didier Raoult

didier.raoult@gmail.com

Affiliation URMITE, UMR IRD 198/CNRS 6236, Medical Faculty, Mediterranean University, Marseille, France and Dakar, Senegal

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: OM GD FF J-FT DR. Performed the experiments: OM GD. Analyzed the data: OM GD FF CS J-FT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CS J-FT DR. Wrote the paper: OM DR.