About the Authors

Hitoshi Kawada

vergiss@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology & Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Yukiko Higa

Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology & Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Osamu Komagata

Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Shinji Kasai

Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Takashi Tomita

Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Nguyen Thi Yen

Affiliation National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam

Luu Lee Loan

Affiliation Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Rodrigo A. P. Sánchez

Affiliation Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador

Masahiro Takagi

Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology & Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HK YH OK SK TT MT. Performed the experiments: HK YH NTY RAPS. Analyzed the data: HK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HK YH NTY LLL. Wrote the paper: HK.