July 2006

The cover refers to an ongoing outbreak of chikungunya fever in the Indian Ocean. The disease is caused by the chikungunya virus. Sylvain Brisse and colleagues report the first sequence analysis and comparison of viral gene sequences from the current outbreak with those of earlier virus isolates. The genome sequences of viruses isolated from six patients and partial sequences isolated from 121 patients at different locations and during different stages of the outbreak reveal unique and evolving molecular features of the viruses responsible for the largest outbreak of the disease to date.

Image Credit: Images taken from Brisse et al.

Editorial

PLoS Medicine and the Pharmaceutical Industry

The PLoS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published July 25, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030329

The PLoS Medicine Debate

Should Society Allow Research Ethics Boards to Be Run As For-Profit Enterprises?

Ezekiel J Emanuel, Trudo Lemmens, Carl Elliot

PLOS Medicine: published July 25, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030309

Essays

Regulation of Clinical Research Sponsored by Pharmaceutical Companies: A Proposal

Julio Sotelo

PLOS Medicine: published July 11, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030306

The State of Child Health and Human Rights in Nepal

Sonal Singh, Erik Bøhler, Khagendra Dahal, Edward Mills

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030203

Lessons from Our Patients: Development of a Warm Autopsy Program

Kathleen Oare Lindell, Judith A Erlen, Naftali Kaminski

PLOS Medicine: published June 6, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030234

Do Antidepressants Cure or Create Abnormal Brain States?

Joanna Moncrieff, David Cohen

PLOS Medicine: published June 6, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030240

The Clinical Applications of a Systems Approach

Andrew C Ahn, Muneesh Tewari, Chi-Sang Poon, Russell S Phillips

PLOS Medicine: published May 23, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030209

Perspectives

Immunoprophylaxis against Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1

Miroslaw K Gorny, Susan Zolla-Pazner

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030259

The “Ultimate Prize” for Big Tobacco: Opening the Chinese Cigarette Market by Cigarette Smuggling

Thomas E Novotny

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030279

Anti-Interferon Auto-Antibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Syndrome Type 1

Michael Levin

PLOS Medicine: published June 13, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030292

A New Mouse Model to Study Acquired Lymphedema

Martin Schneider, Annelii Ny, Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar, Peter Carmeliet

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030264

Health in Action

Reducing Disparities in the Burden of Cancer: The Role of Patient Navigators

Tisha Fowler, Caryn Steakley, A. Roland Garcia, Jennifer Kwok, L. Michelle Bennett

PLOS Medicine: published July 11, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030193

Building Surgical Research Capacity in Africa: The Ptolemy Project

Miliard Derbew, Massey Beveridge, Andrew Howard, Niall Byrne

PLOS Medicine: published July 11, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030305

Moving Toward Assured Access to Treatment in Microbicide Trials

Anna Forbes

PLOS Medicine: published July 11, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030153

Policy Forums

Enrolling Adolescents in Research on HIV and Other Sensitive Issues: Lessons from South Africa

Jerome Amir Singh, Salim S Abdool Karim, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Koleka Mlisana, Carolyn Williamson, Clive Gray, Michelle Govender, Andrew Gray

PLOS Medicine: published April 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030180

Training and HIV-Treatment Scale-Up: Establishing an Implementation Research Agenda

Elizabeth A McCarthy, Megan E O'Brien, William R Rodriguez

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030304

A Survey of Public Funding of Cancer Research in the European Union

Seth Eckhouse, Richard Sullivan

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030267

Research in Translation

Silencing Viral Infection

Derek M Dykxhoorn, Judy Lieberman

PLOS Medicine: published July 25, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030242

Research Articles

Uptake of Workplace HIV Counselling and Testing: A Cluster-Randomised Trial in Zimbabwe

Elizabeth L Corbett, Ethel Dauya, Ronnie Matambo, Yin Bun Cheung, Beauty Makamure, Mary T Bassett, Steven Chandiwana, Shungu Munyati, Peter R Mason, Anthony E Butterworth, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Richard J Hayes

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030238

Routine HIV Testing in Botswana: A Population-Based Study on Attitudes, Practices, and Human Rights Concerns

Sheri D Weiser, Michele Heisler, Karen Leiter, Fiona Percy-de Korte, Sheila Tlou, Sonya DeMonner, Nthabiseng Phaladze, David R Bangsberg, Vincent Iacopino

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030261

Insensitivity of Paediatric HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses to Broadly Neutralising Monoclonal Antibodies Raised against Subtype B

Elin Solomonovna Gray, Tammy Meyers, Glenda Gray, David Charles Montefiori, Lynn Morris

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030255

The Potential Impact of Male Circumcision on HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Brian G Williams, James O Lloyd-Smith, Eleanor Gouws, Catherine Hankins, Wayne M Getz, John Hargrove, Isabelle de Zoysa, Christopher Dye, Bertran Auvert

PLOS Medicine: published July 11, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030262

Advice from a Medical Expert through the Internet on Queries about AIDS and Hepatitis: Analysis of a Pilot Experiment

Javier Marco, Raquel Barba, Juan E Losa, Carlos Martínez de la Serna, María Sainz, Isabel Fernández Lantigua, Jose Luis de la Serna

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030256

Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Stephen C Resch, Joshua A Salomon, Megan Murray, Milton C Weinstein

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030241

Genome Microevolution of Chikungunya Viruses Causing the Indian Ocean Outbreak

Isabelle Schuffenecker, Isabelle Iteman, Alain Michault, Séverine Murri, Lionel Frangeul, Marie-Christine Vaney, Rachel Lavenir, Nathalie Pardigon, Jean-Marc Reynes, François Pettinelli, Leon Biscornet, Laure Diancourt, Stéphanie Michel, Stéphane Duquerroy, Ghislaine Guigon, Marie-Pascale Frenkiel, Anne-Claire Bréhin, Nadège Cubito, Philippe Desprès, Frank Kunst, Félix A Rey, Hervé Zeller, Sylvain Brisse

PLOS Medicine: published May 23, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030263

Human Monoclonal Antibody Combination against SARS Coronavirus: Synergy and Coverage of Escape Mutants

Jan ter Meulen, Edward N van den Brink, Leo L. M Poon, Wilfred E Marissen, Cynthia S. W Leung, Freek Cox, Chung Y Cheung, Arjen Q Bakker, Johannes A Bogaards, Els van Deventer, Wolfgang Preiser, Hans Wilhelm Doerr, Vincent T Chow, John de Kruif, Joseph S. M Peiris, Jaap Goudsmit

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030237

“Key to the Future”: British American Tobacco and Cigarette Smuggling in China

Kelley Lee, Jeff Collin

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030228

Predicting Survival within the Lung Cancer Histopathological Hierarchy Using a Multi-Scale Genomic Model of Development

Hongye Liu, Alvin T Kho, Isaac S Kohane, Yao Sun

PLOS Medicine: published July 4, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030232

The BARD1 Cys557Ser Variant and Breast Cancer Risk in Iceland

Simon N Stacey, Patrick Sulem, Oskar T Johannsson, Agnar Helgason, Julius Gudmundsson, Jelena P Kostic, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Thora Jonsdottir, Helgi Sigurdsson, Jon Hrafnkelsson, Jakob Johannsson, Thorarinn Sveinsson, Gardar Myrdal, Hlynur Niels Grimsson, Jon T Bergthorsson, Laufey T Amundadottir, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong, Kari Stefansson

PLOS Medicine: published June 20, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030217

Inflammatory Manifestations of Experimental Lymphatic Insufficiency

Raymond Tabibiazar, Lauren Cheung, Jennifer Han, Jeffrey Swanson, Andreas Beilhack, Andrew An, Soheil S Dadras, Ned Rockson, Smita Joshi, Roger Wagner, Stanley G Rockson

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030254

MPLW515L Is a Novel Somatic Activating Mutation in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia

Yana Pikman, Benjamin H Lee, Thomas Mercher, Elizabeth McDowell, Benjamin L Ebert, Maricel Gozo, Adam Cuker, Gerlinde Wernig, Sandra Moore, Ilene Galinsky, Daniel J DeAngelo, Jennifer J Clark, Stephanie J Lee, Todd R Golub, Martha Wadleigh, D. Gary Gilliland, Ross L Levine

PLOS Medicine: published July 18, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030270

Anti-Interferon Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Syndrome Type 1

Anthony Meager, Kumuthini Visvalingam, Pärt Peterson, Kaidi Möll, Astrid Murumägi, Kai Krohn, Petra Eskelin, Jaakko Perheentupa, Eystein Husebye, Yoshihisa Kadota, Nick Willcox

PLOS Medicine: published June 13, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030289

Embryonic Pig Pancreatic Tissue Transplantation for the Treatment of Diabetes

Smadar Eventov-Friedman, Dalit Tchorsh, Helena Katchman, Elias Shezen, Anna Aronovich, Gil Hecht, Benjamin Dekel, Gideon Rechavi, Bruce R Blazar, Ilan Feine, Orna Tal, Enrique Freud, Yair Reisner

PLOS Medicine: published June 20, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030215

Mutation of von Hippel–Lindau Tumour Suppressor and Human Cardiopulmonary Physiology

Thomas G Smith, Jerome T Brooks, George M Balanos, Terence R Lappin, D. Mark Layton, Dawn L Leedham, Chun Liu, Patrick H Maxwell, Mary F McMullin, Christopher J McNamara, Melanie J Percy, Christopher W Pugh, Peter J Ratcliffe, Nick P Talbot, Marilyn Treacy, Peter A Robbins

PLOS Medicine: published June 20, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030290

Correction

Correction: Advertising in Medical Journals: Should Current Practices Change?

Adriane Fugh-Berman, Karen Alladin, Jarva Chow

PLOS Medicine: published July 11, 2006 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030303

Cover

Chikungunya Outbreak in the Indian Ocean.

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