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April 2014

As the developing world undergoes an epidemiological transition and the known causes of cardiovascular disease are increasingly understood, are there signs that the efforts to prevent stroke will need to find new targets?

In light of recent research by Bos and colleagues, Consulting Editor Druin Burch and the PLOS Medicine Editors reflect on the uncertainty over some of the causes of cerebrovascular disease and how future prevention strategies will be influenced by shifting patterns of population attributable risk.

Image Credit: Leon Brocard, Jon Olav Eikenes, Daniel Oines, & Pete at Flickr

Editorial

What We Know and What We Don't Know About Preventing Stroke

Druin Burch, the PLOS Medicine Editors

Policy Forums

The Use of Preliminary Scientific Evidence in Public Health: A Case Study of XMRV

Kumanan Wilson, Katherine Atkinson, Jennifer Keelan

Optimal Evidence in Difficult Settings: Improving Health Interventions and Decision Making in Disasters

Martin Gerdin, Mike Clarke, Claire Allen, Bonnix Kayabu, William Summerskill, Declan Devane, Malcolm MacLachlan, Paul Spiegel, Anjan Ghosh, Rony Zachariah, Saurabh Gupta, Virginia Barbour, Virginia Murray, Johan von Schreeb

Research in Translation

HIV Monoclonal Antibodies: A New Opportunity to Further Reduce Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission

Yegor Voronin, Lynne M. Mofenson, Coleen K. Cunningham, Mary G. Fowler, Pontiano Kaleebu, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Jeffrey T. Safrit, Barney S. Graham, William Snow

A Physicians' Wish List for the Clinical Application of Intestinal Metagenomics

Ingeborg Klymiuk, Christoph Högenauer, Bettina Halwachs, Gerhard G. Thallinger, W. Florian Fricke, Christoph Steininger

Research Articles

Regional Changes in Charcoal-Burning Suicide Rates in East/Southeast Asia from 1995 to 2011: A Time Trend Analysis

Shu-Sen Chang, Ying-Yeh Chen, Paul S. F. Yip, Won Jin Lee, Akihito Hagihara, David Gunnell

Changes in HIV Incidence among People Who Inject Drugs in Taiwan following Introduction of a Harm Reduction Program: A Study of Two Cohorts

Yen-Fang Huang, Jyh-Yuan Yang, Kenrad E. Nelson, Hsu-Sung Kuo, Chin-Yin Lew-Ting, Chin-Hui Yang, Chang-Hsun Chen, Feng-Yee Chang, Hui-Rong Liu

Fialuridine Induces Acute Liver Failure in Chimeric TK-NOG Mice: A Model for Detecting Hepatic Drug Toxicity Prior to Human Testing

Dan Xu, Toshi Nishimura, Sachiko Nishimura, Haili Zhang, Ming Zheng, Ying-Ying Guo, Marylin Masek, Sara A. Michie, Jeffrey Glenn, Gary Peltz

Indoor Residual Spraying in Combination with Insecticide-Treated Nets Compared to Insecticide-Treated Nets Alone for Protection against Malaria: A Cluster Randomised Trial in Tanzania

Philippa A. West, Natacha Protopopoff, Alexandra Wright, Zuhura Kivaju, Robinson Tigererwa, Franklin W. Mosha, William Kisinza, Mark Rowland, Immo Kleinschmidt

Burden of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Related to Tobacco Smoking among Adults Aged ≥45 Years in Asia: A Pooled Analysis of 21 Cohorts

Wei Zheng, Dale F. McLerran, Betsy A. Rolland, Zhenming Fu, Paolo Boffetta, Jiang He, Prakash Chandra Gupta, Kunnambath Ramadas, Shoichiro Tsugane, Fujiko Irie, Akiko Tamakoshi, Yu-Tang Gao, Woon-Puay Koh, Xiao-Ou Shu, Kotaro Ozasa, Yoshikazu Nishino, Ichiro Tsuji, Hideo Tanaka, Chien-Jen Chen, Jian-Min Yuan, Yoon-Ok Ahn, Keun-Young Yoo, Habibul Ahsan, Wen-Harn Pan, You-Lin Qiao, Dongfeng Gu, Mangesh Suryakant Pednekar, Catherine Sauvaget, Norie Sawada, Toshimi Sairenchi, Gong Yang, Renwei Wang, Yong-Bing Xiang, Waka Ohishi, Masako Kakizaki, Takashi Watanabe, Isao Oze, San-Lin You, Yumi Sugawara, Lesley M. Butler, Dong-Hyun Kim, Sue K. Park, Faruque Parvez, Shao-Yuan Chuang, Jin-Hu Fan, Chen-Yang Shen, Yu Chen, Eric J. Grant, Jung Eun Lee, Rashmi Sinha, Keitaro Matsuo, Mark Thornquist, Manami Inoue, Ziding Feng, Daehee Kang, John D. Potter

Fetal Growth and Risk of Stillbirth: A Population-Based Case–Control Study

Radek Bukowski, Nellie I. Hansen, Marian Willinger, Uma M. Reddy, Corette B. Parker, Halit Pinar, Robert M. Silver, Donald J. Dudley, Barbara J. Stoll, George R. Saade, Matthew A. Koch, Carol J. Rowland Hogue, Michael W. Varner, Deborah L. Conway, Donald Coustan, Robert L. Goldenberg, for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network

Modifiable Etiological Factors and the Burden of Stroke from the Rotterdam Study: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Michiel J. Bos, Peter J. Koudstaal, Albert Hofman, M. Arfan Ikram

Association between Prenatal Exposure to Antiretroviral Therapy and Birth Defects: An Analysis of the French Perinatal Cohort Study (ANRS CO1/CO11)

Jeanne Sibiude, Laurent Mandelbrot, Stéphane Blanche, Jérôme Le Chenadec, Naima Boullag-Bonnet, Albert Faye, Catherine Dollfus, Roland Tubiana, Damien Bonnet, Nathalie Lelong, Babak Khoshnood, Josiane Warszawski

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