May 2016

May 2016 brings the first ever World Humanitarian Summit, convened by the UN Secretary General in Istanbul, Turkey. In light of the fact that leading health officials from the 194 member states of the World Health Organization cannot be present at the Summit because they will be attending the annual World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland on the same days, the PLOS Medicine Editors recommend in this month's Editorial greater attention to the roles that health care and health-related research should play in averting and responding to humanitarian crises.

Image Credit: 12284999@N05, Flickr

Editorial

Health Research and the World Humanitarian Summit—Not a Thousand Miles Apart

The PLOS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published May 23, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002027

Essays

A Public Health Paradox: The Women Most Vulnerable to Malaria Are the Least Protected

Raquel González, Esperança Sevene, George Jagoe, Laurence Slutsker, Clara Menéndez

PLOS Medicine: published May 3, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002014

The Clinical Challenge of Sepsis Identification and Monitoring

Jean-Louis Vincent

PLOS Medicine: published May 17, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002022

Perspectives

How Much Can the USA Reduce Health Care Costs by Reducing Smoking?

Wayne Hall, Chris Doran

PLOS Medicine: published May 10, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002021

A Revolution in Treatment for Hepatitis C Infection: Mitigating the Budgetary Impact

Elliot Marseille, James G. Kahn

PLOS Medicine: published May 31, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002031

Nondisclosure of Financial Interest in Clinical Practice Guideline Development: An Intractable Problem?

Hilda Bastian

PLOS Medicine: published May 31, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002030

Steroid-Based Therapy and Risk of Infectious Complications

Lionel Rostaing, Paolo Malvezzi

PLOS Medicine: published May 24, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002025

Interpreting the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) Findings on Sanitation, Hygiene, and Diarrhea

Jonny Crocker, Jamie Bartram

PLOS Medicine: published May 3, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002011

Policy Forum

Toward a Common Secure Future: Four Global Commissions in the Wake of Ebola

Lawrence O. Gostin, Oyewale Tomori, Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Ashish K. Jha, Julio Frenk, Suerie Moon, Joy Phumaphi, Peter Piot, Barbara Stocking, Victor J. Dzau, Gabriel M. Leung

PLOS Medicine: published May 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002042

Research Articles

Sanitation and Hygiene-Specific Risk Factors for Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Young Children in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, 2007–2011: Case-Control Study

Kelly K. Baker, Ciara E. O’Reilly, Myron M. Levine, Karen L. Kotloff, James P. Nataro, Tracy L. Ayers, Tamer H. Farag, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder, Yukun Wu, Pedro L. Alonso, Robert F. Breiman, Richard Omore, Abu S. G. Faruque, Sumon Kumar Das, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Debasish Saha, Samba O. Sow, Dipika Sur, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Fahreen Quadri, Eric D. Mintz

PLOS Medicine: published May 3, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002010

Risk of Advanced Neoplasia in First-Degree Relatives with Colorectal Cancer: A Large Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Enrique Quintero, Marta Carrillo, Maria-Liz Leoz, Joaquin Cubiella, Carla Gargallo, Angel Lanas, Luis Bujanda, Antonio Z. Gimeno-García, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, David Nicolás-Pérez, Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu, Juan Diego Morillas, Francesc Balaguer, Alfonso Muriel, on behalf of the Oncology Group of the Asociación Española de Gastroenterología (AEG)

PLOS Medicine: published May 3, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002008

Effectiveness of and Financial Returns to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in South Africa: An Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Markus Haacker, Nicole Fraser-Hurt, Marelize Gorgens

PLOS Medicine: published May 3, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002012

Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV at a Patient’s First Clinic Visit: The RapIT Randomized Controlled Trial

Sydney Rosen, Mhairi Maskew, Matthew P. Fox, Cynthia Nyoni, Constance Mongwenyana, Given Malete, Ian Sanne, Dorah Bokaba, Celeste Sauls, Julia Rohr, Lawrence Long

PLOS Medicine: published May 10, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002015

All-Cause Mortality of Low Birthweight Infants in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: Population Study of England and Wales

W. John Watkins, Sarah J. Kotecha, Sailesh Kotecha

PLOS Medicine: published May 10, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002018

Smoking Behavior and Healthcare Expenditure in the United States, 1992–2009: Panel Data Estimates

James Lightwood, Stanton A. Glantz

PLOS Medicine: published May 10, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002020

Estimating the Risk of Chronic Pain: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model (PICKUP) for Patients with Acute Low Back Pain

Adrian C. Traeger, Nicholas Henschke, Markus Hübscher, Christopher M. Williams, Steven J. Kamper, Christopher G. Maher, G. Lorimer Moseley, James H. McAuley

PLOS Medicine: published May 17, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002019

Prioritizing Surgical Care on National Health Agendas: A Qualitative Case Study of Papua New Guinea, Uganda, and Sierra Leone

Anna J. Dare, Katherine C. Lee, Josh Bleicher, Alex E. Elobu, Thaim B. Kamara, Osborne Liko, Samuel Luboga, Akule Danlop, Gabriel Kune, Lars Hagander, Andrew J. M. Leather, Gavin Yamey

PLOS Medicine: published May 17, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002023

Common Infections in Patients Prescribed Systemic Glucocorticoids in Primary Care: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Laurence Fardet, Irene Petersen, Irwin Nazareth

PLOS Medicine: published May 24, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002024

Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews of Biomedical Research: A Cross-Sectional Study

Matthew J. Page, Larissa Shamseer, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Margaret Sampson, Andrea C. Tricco, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lun Li, Emma K. Reid, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, David Moher

PLOS Medicine: published May 24, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002028