ࡱ > Q bjbjcTcT ; > > H % 8 % t ? b 5 ( ' ' ' F F F c? e? e? e? e? e? e? $ FB D ? ) F F ) ) ? ' ' ? ) ' ' e6 ) c? , | u- ' V`sd - Q6 ? 0 ? - Z E E $ u- E u- F " h F F F ? ? F F F ? ) ) ) ) E F F F F F F F F F : Text S1. Defining the dominant Anopheles vector species (and species complexes) of human malaria.
Anopheline species or species complexWhite ADDIN EN.CITE White19894548454845485White, G. B.MalariaGeographical distribution of arthropod-borne diseases and their principal vectors. WHO/VBC/89.9677-221989GenevaWorld Health Organization, Division of Vector Biology and Control[1]Service ADDIN EN.CITE Service19933838383838385Service, M. W.Gilles, H. M.Warrell, D. A.Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology96-123Third edition1993LondonEdward ArnoldService19933839383938395Service, M. W.Gilles, H. M.Warrell, D. A.Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology305-310Third edition1993LondonEdward Arnold[2,3]Kiszewski ADDIN EN.CITE Kiszewski200428652865286517Kiszewski, A.Mellinger, A.Spielman, A.Malaney, P.Sachs, S. E.Sachs, J.Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. akisz@hsph.harvard.eduA global index representing the stability of malaria transmissionAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneAm J Trop Med HygAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneAm. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.Am J Trop Med HygAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneAm. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.Am J Trop Med Hyg486-49870520040002-9637[4]Mouchet ADDIN EN.CITE Mouchet20044547454745476Mouchet, J.Carnevale, P.Coosemans, M.Julvez, J.Manguin, S.Richard-Lenoble, D.Sircoulon, J.Biodiversit du paludisme dans le monde4282004Montrouge, FranceJohn Libbey Eurotext[5]Exc.Inc.RegionTAG finalaconitus Dnitz, 1902: An. (Cellia)1010101AP1albimanus Wiedemann, 1820: An. (Nyssorhynchus)2, 32, 32, 32, 311AM1albitarsis*: An. (Nyssorhynchus)331AM1annularis van der Wulp, 1884: An. (Cellia)8, 91AP1aquasalis Curry, 1932: An. (Nyssorhynchus)2, 32, 32, 32, 311AM1arabiensis Patton, 1905: An. (Cellia)777711AEME1argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827: An. (Nyssorhynchus)21AMatroparvus van Thiel, 1927: An. (Anopheles)4, 54, 54, 54, 511AEME1balabacensis Baisas, 1936: An. (Cellia)1010, 11101AP1barbirostris*: An. (Anopheles)9, 101AP1bellator Dyar & Knab, 1906: An. (Kerteszia)31AMcampestris Reid, 1962: An. (Anopheles)10101APcruzii Dyar & Knab, 1908: An. (Kerteszia)31AMculicifacies*: An. (Cellia)888811AP1darlingi Root, 1926: An. (Nyssorhynchus)2, 32, 32, 32, 311AM1dirus*: An. (Cellia)9, 109, 109, 109, 1011AP1donaldi Reid, 1962: An. (Anopheles)10101APfarauti*: An. (Cellia)1212121AP1flavirostris (Ludlow, 1914): An. (Cellia)1010101AP1fluviatilis*: An. (Cellia)8, 98, 98, 98, 911AP1freeborni Aitken, 1939: An. (Anopheles)1111AM1funestus Giles, 1900: An. (Cellia)777711AEME1gambiae Giles, 1902: An. (Cellia)777711AEME1koliensis Owen, 1945: An. (Cellia)12121AP1labranchiae Falleroni, 1926: An. (Anopheles)555511AEME1lesteri Baisas & Hu, 1936: An. (Anopheles)1111111AP1letifer Sandosham, 1944: An. (Anopheles)10101APleucosphyrus*: An. (Cellia)10101AP1ludlowae (Theobald, 1903): An. (Cellia)10101APmaculatus Group: An. (Cellia)1010101011AP1marajoara Galvo & Damasceno, 1942: An. (Nyssorhynchus)2,31AM1melas Theobald, 1903: An. (Cellia)771AEME1merus Dnitz, 1902: An. (Cellia)71AEME1messeae Falleroni, 1926: An. (Anopheles)4, 51AEME1minimus*: An. (Cellia)9, 109, 109, 109, 1011AP1moucheti Evans, 1925: An. (Cellia)71AEME1multicolor Cambouliu, 1902: An. (Cellia)61AEMEnigerrimus Giles, 1900: An. (Anopheles)10101APnili*: An. (Cellia)71AEME1nuneztovari*: An. (Nyssorhynchus)333311AM1pharoensis Theobald, 1901: An. (Cellia)6661AEMEpseudopunctipennis*: An. (Anopheles)333311AM1pulcherrimus Theobald, 1902: An. (Cellia)81AEMEpunctimacula Dyar & Knab, 1906: An. (Anopheles)331AMpunctulatus*: An. (Cellia)1212121AP1quadrimaculatus Say, 1824: An. (Anopheles)111111AM1sacharovi Favre, 1903: An. (Anopheles)555511AEME1sergentii (Theobald, 1907): An. (Cellia)666611AEME1sinensis*: An. (Anopheles)4, 11114, 114, 1111AP1stephensi Liston, 1901: An. (Cellia)881AP1subpictus*: An. (Cellia)1010, 121AP1sundaicus*: An. (Cellia)1010101011AP1superpictus Grassi, 1899: An. (Cellia)555511AEME1Totals3840353121535341
The full scientific name (genus, subgenus and species) of the anopheline species is given along with the author(s) who first described the species, including the year of publication of their description. The brackets encompassing author-date combinations indicate if the genus name has changed since the species was first described. The * denotes that a species is now recognized as a species complex and the denotes that a species is now suspected to be a species complex. The An. (Cellia) gambiae complex has been separated into constituent species following the convention in the main reviews consulted (see below). The next four columns show if White ADDIN EN.CITE White19894548454845485White, G. B.MalariaGeographical distribution of arthropod-borne diseases and their principal vectors. WHO/VBC/89.9677-221989GenevaWorld Health Organization, Division of Vector Biology and Control[1], Service ADDIN EN.CITE Service19933838383838385Service, M. W.Gilles, H. M.Warrell, D. A.Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology96-123Third edition1993LondonEdward ArnoldService19933839383938395Service, M. W.Gilles, H. M.Warrell, D. A.Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology305-310Third edition1993LondonEdward Arnold[2,3], Kiszewski ADDIN EN.CITE Kiszewski200428652865286517Kiszewski, A.Mellinger, A.Spielman, A.Malaney, P.Sachs, S. E.Sachs, J.Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. akisz@hsph.harvard.eduA global index representing the stability of malaria transmissionAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneAm J Trop Med HygAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneAm. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.Am J Trop Med HygAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneAm. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.Am J Trop Med Hyg486-49870520040002-9637[4] or Mouchet ADDIN EN.CITE Mouchet20044547454745476Mouchet, J.Carnevale, P.Coosemans, M.Julvez, J.Manguin, S.Richard-Lenoble, D.Sircoulon, J.Biodiversit du paludisme dans le monde4282004Montrouge, FranceJohn Libbey Eurotext[5] designated the nominal species as a principal, main, dominant or principaux vector of human malaria, respectively. The numbers in each of these columns record in which Macdonald malaria epidemiology zone ADDIN EN.CITE Macdonald19573849384938495Macdonald, G.Local features of malariaThe epidemiology and control of malaria63-991957LondonOxford University Press[6] the species can be found: 1 - North American; 2 - Central American; 3 - South American; 4 - North Eurasian; 5 - Mediterranean; 6 - Afro-Arabian; 7 - Afrotropical (formerly Ethiopian); 8 - Indo-Iranian; 9 - Indo-Chinese hills; 10 - Malaysian; 11 - Chinese and 12 - Australasian. The exclusive (Exc.) column counts those species identified in all four reviews. The inclusive (Inc.) column counts those species identified by any of the four authors. Totals are given at the bottom of the table. The candidate dominant vector species (DVS) considered for mapping are the inclusive set minus An. (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis which has since been shown to have been incorrectly incriminated as a vector of human malaria ADDIN EN.CITE Rubio-Palis199347764776477617Rubio-Palis, Y.Division de Investigaciones, Escuela de Malariologia y Saneamiento Ambiental, Maracay, Venezuela.Journal of the American Mosquito Control AssociationJ Am Mosq Control AssocJournal of the American Mosquito Control AssociationJ. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.J Am Mosq Control AssocJournal of the American Mosquito Control AssociationJ. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.J Am Mosq Control Assoc470-47194AnimalsAnopheles/ parasitologyBrazilHumansInsect Vectors/ parasitologyLatin AmericaMalaria/ transmissionTropical ClimateVenezuela1993GeneralVectorsPDFCAG - the AmericasEnglish[7]. The DVS groupings are shown in the region column: the American (AM) group (12/52), the Africa, Europe and the Middle East (AEME) group (16/52) and the Asia Pacific (AP) group (24/52). The final DVS list (shaded rows) was refined during two meetings of a technical advisory group (reflected in the authorship) by excluding 11 vectors which had a restricted range and little contemporary evidence to incriminate them as vectors of malaria; leaving 9/41 in the AM group, 13/41 in the AEME group and 19/41 in the AP group.
References
ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1. White GB (1989) Malaria. Geographical distribution of arthropod-borne diseases and their principal vectors WHO/VBC/89967. Geneva: World Health Organization, Division of Vector Biology and Control. pp. 7-22.
2. Service MW (1993) The Anopheles vector. In: Gilles HM, Warrell DA, editors. Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology. Third edition ed. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 96-123.
3. Service MW (1993) Appendix II. Characteristics of some major Anopheles vectors of human malaria. In: Gilles HM, Warrell DA, editors. Bruce-Chwatt's Essential Malariology. Third edition ed. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 305-310.
4. Kiszewski A, Mellinger A, Spielman A, Malaney P, Sachs SE, et al. (2004) A global index representing the stability of malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 486-498.
5. Mouchet J, Carnevale P, Coosemans M, Julvez J, Manguin S, et al. (2004) Biodiversit du paludisme dans le monde. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext. 428 p.
6. Macdonald G (1957) Local features of malaria. The epidemiology and control of malaria. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 63-99.
7. Rubio-Palis Y (1993) Is Anopheles argyritarsis a vector of malaria in the neotropical region? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 470-471.
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