About the Authors

Kazem Rahimi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft

kazem.rahimi@georgeinstitute.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

Hamid Mohseni

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Catherine M. Otto

Roles Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nathalie Conrad

Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jenny Tran

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Milad Nazarzadeh

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Collaboration Center of Meta-analysis Research, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

Mark Woodward

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Terence Dwyer

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Stephen MacMahon

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Competing Interests

KR receives a stipend as a specialty consulting editor for PLOS Medicine and serves on the journal's editorial board. MW is a consultant to Amgen on analyses of routinely collected US health data. JT has received funding from Rhodes scholarship for DPhil study at The University of Oxford. The Rhodes scholarship has no role in the study design or related decisions; JT is director of CHASE (non-government not-for-proft organisation) and previous Director of Libromat (non-government not-for-proft organisation) and secretariat of the Academy of Medical Sciences working group for multimorbidity. NC is supported by a grant from the British Heart Foundation. All the other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.