About the Authors

Darren M. Lipnicki

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

John D. Crawford

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Rajib Dutta

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Anbupalam Thalamuthu

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Nicole A. Kochan

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Gavin Andrews

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

M. Fernanda Lima-Costa

Affiliation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Erico Castro-Costa

Affiliation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Carol Brayne

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Fiona E. Matthews

Affiliations MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Blossom C. M. Stephan

Affiliation Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Richard B. Lipton

Affiliations Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York City, New York, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York City, New York, United States of America

Mindy J. Katz

Affiliation Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York City, New York, United States of America

Karen Ritchie

Affiliations Inserm, U1061 Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jacqueline Scali

Affiliations Inserm, U1061 Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Marie-Laure Ancelin

Affiliations Inserm, U1061 Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Nikolaos Scarmeas

Affiliations National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America

Mary Yannakoulia

Affiliation Harokopio University, Athens, Greece

Efthimios Dardiotis

Affiliation University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece

Linda C. W. Lam

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Candy H. Y. Wong

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China

Ada W. T. Fung

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Antonio Guaita

Affiliation GolgiCenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy

Roberta Vaccaro

Affiliation GolgiCenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy

Annalisa Davin

Affiliation GolgiCenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Milan, Italy

Ki Woong Kim

Affiliations Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea

Ji Won Han

Affiliation Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

Tae Hui Kim

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea

Kaarin J. Anstey

Affiliation Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Nicolas Cherbuin

Affiliation Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Peter Butterworth

Affiliation Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Marcia Scazufca

Affiliation Institute of Psychiatry and LIM-23, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Shuzo Kumagai

Affiliation Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga City, Japan

Sanmei Chen

Affiliation Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China

Kenji Narazaki

Affiliation Faculty of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka City, Japan

Tze Pin Ng

Affiliation Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Qi Gao

Affiliation Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Simone Reppermund

Affiliation Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Henry Brodaty

Affiliations Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Antonio Lobo

Affiliations Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain, Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Raúl Lopez-Anton

Affiliations Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain

Javier Santabárbara

Affiliations Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Spain

Perminder S. Sachdev

p.sachdev@unsw.edu.au

Affiliations Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)

Membership of the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JDC is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC Program Grant ID 568969). CB is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. FEM is a member of the Editorial Board of PLOS Medicine. RBL is the Edwin S. Lowe Professor of Neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York and receives research support from the NIH; receives support from the Migraine Research Foundation and the National Headache Foundation and serves on the editorial board of Neurology and as senior advisor to Headache; has reviewed for the NIA and NINDS, holds stock options in eNeura Therapeutics; serves as consultant, advisory board member, or has received honoraria from American Academy of Neurology, Alder, Allergan, American Headache Society, Amgen, Autonomic Technologies, Avanir, Biohaven, Biovision, Boston Scientific, Colucid, Dr. Reddy’s, Electrocore, Eli Lilly, eNeura Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKlein (formerly Novartis), Merck, Pernix, Pfizer, Supernus, Teva, Trigemina, Vector, Vedanta; and receives royalties from Wolff’s Headache, 8th Edition, Oxford Press University, 2009, Wiley and Informa. MJK is funded by NIH/NIA and the following private foundations: Czap Foundation, Sylvia and Leonard Marx Foundation and also receives consultation fees from Eli Lilly and Company. HB has received departmental grants for drug trials from Lilly, Merck, Sanofi, Servier and Tau Therapeutics; is on the advisory board for Nutricia and has been asked to be an advisor to Lundbeck, Otuska and Eli Lilly; and is on clinical advisory committees for Montefiore Homes and Cranbrook Care, both of which operate residential/ long-term care homes. AL has received honoraria or travel fees from Lundbeck and Sanofi. PSS would like to acknowledge financial support from the National Health & Medical Research Council (APP1093083), the Vincent Fairfax Foundation and the Yulgilbar Foundation for COSMIC. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: PSS DML JDC NAK SK CB FEM BCMS CHYW LCWL MFLC ECC KJA AL NS ED MY RBL MJK GA KWK MS. Data curation: DML JDC RD AT AWTF NC SK SC KN TPN QG CHYW LCWL JSc CB FEM BCMS THK MFLC ECC KJA RLA JSa MJK JWH KWK PB MS. Formal analysis: RD AT SC NAK CHYW LCWL MFLC ECC RLA JSa NS MY JWH KWK MS FEM BCMS. Funding acquisition: PSS. Investigation: AWTF NC SK SC KN TPN QG CHYW LCWL AG RV AD MLA HB THK NAK MFLC ECC KJA AL RLA JSa NS ED MY KR RBL MJK SR JWH GA KWK PB MS CB FEM BCMS. Methodology: JDC AT SK SC KN TPN QG CB FEM LCWL KJA NS ED MY KWK MS. Project administration: DML. Software: JSa MJK KWK MS FEM BCMS. Supervision: PSS. Validation: CB FEM BCMS LCWL JSc MLA MFLC ECC KJA AL RLA JSa RBL MJK JWH KWK MS. Visualization: AT. Writing – original draft: DML JDC PSS. Writing – review & editing: DML PSS JDC RD AT NAK GA MFLC ECC CB FEM BCMS RBL MJK KR JSc MLA NS MY ED LCWL CHYW AWTF AG RV AD KWK JWH THK KJA NC PB MS KS CS KN TPN QG SR HB AL RLA JSa.