About the Authors

William Whittaker

William.Whittaker@manchester.ac.uk

Affiliation Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Laura Anselmi

Affiliation Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Søren Rud Kristensen

Affiliation Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Yiu-Shing Lau

Affiliation Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Simon Bailey

Affiliation Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Peter Bower

Affiliation NIHR School for Primary Care Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Katherine Checkland

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care Greater Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Rebecca Elvey

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care Greater Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Katy Rothwell

Affiliation National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care Greater Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom

Jonathan Stokes

Affiliation NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Damian Hodgson

Affiliation Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

All authors have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: funding support from NIHR and from NHS England for this work; KC and WW report grant funding for other work from the Department of Health Policy Research Programme; YSL reports fees for other work from the Department of Health.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WW SRK LA DH PB SB KC KR. Performed the experiments: LA SRK WW. Analyzed the data: LA SRK WW JS YSL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LA SRK WW RE JS. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: WW. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: WW SRK LA DH PB SB KC KR RE JS. Agree with the manuscript’s results and conclusions: WW LA SRK YSL SB PB KC RE KR JS DH. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.