About the Authors

Bram. P. Prins

bram.prins@sanger.ac.uk (BPP); b.z.alizadeh@umcg.nl (BZA)

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Ali Abbasi

Contributed equally to this work with: Ali Abbasi, Anson Wong, Ahmad Vaez

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Anson Wong

Contributed equally to this work with: Ali Abbasi, Anson Wong, Ahmad Vaez

Affiliations Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Ahmad Vaez

Contributed equally to this work with: Ali Abbasi, Anson Wong, Ahmad Vaez

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Ilja Nolte

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Nora Franceschini

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Philip E. Stuart

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Javier Guterriez Achury

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Vanisha Mistry

Affiliations Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Jonathan P. Bradfield

Affiliation Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America

Ana M. Valdes

Affiliation Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Jose Bras

Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

Aleksey Shatunov

Affiliation Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

PAGE Consortium

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

International Stroke Genetics Consortium

Affiliation Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Systemic Sclerosis consortium

Affiliations Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Treat OA consortium

Affiliation Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece

DIAGRAM Consortium

Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium

Affiliation Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

ALS consortium

Affiliation Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium

Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

Autism Spectrum Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Affiliation McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

CKDGen consortium

Affiliation NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Center for Population Studies and Harvard Medical School, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

GERAD1 Consortium

Affiliation Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

International Consortium for Blood Pressure

Affiliation NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Affiliation MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Inflammation Working Group of the CHARGE Consortium

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Chen Lu

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Buhm Han

Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Soumya Raychaudhuri

Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Partners HealthCare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Steve Bevan

Affiliation Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Maureen D. Mayes

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Lam C. Tsoi

Affiliations Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Evangelos Evangelou

Affiliations Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Rajan P. Nair

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Struan F. A. Grant

Affiliations Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

Constantin Polychronakos

Affiliation Endocrine Genetics Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Timothy R. D. Radstake

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

David A. van Heel

Affiliation Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

Melanie L. Dunstan

Affiliation Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Nicholas W. Wood

Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

Ammar Al-Chalabi

Affiliations Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Complex Disease Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America

Abbas Dehghan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Hakon Hakonarson

Affiliations Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

Hugh S. Markus

Affiliation Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

James T. Elder

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Jo Knight

Affiliations Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Dan E. Arking

Affiliation McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Timothy D. Spector

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Bobby P. C. Koeleman

Affiliation Complex Genetic Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Cornelia M. van Duijn

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Javier Martin

Affiliation Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Andrew P. Morris

Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Rinse K. Weersma

Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Cisca Wijmenga

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Patricia B. Munroe

Affiliations NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

John R. B. Perry

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jennie G. Pouget

Affiliations Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Yalda Jamshidi

Affiliation Cardiogenetics Lab, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom

Harold Snieder

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Behrooz Z. Alizadeh

bram.prins@sanger.ac.uk (BPP); b.z.alizadeh@umcg.nl (BZA)

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BPP AA HS BZA CVD. Performed the experiments: NF JGA VM PES JPB AMV JB AS. Analyzed the data: BPP AA AV AM IN NF JGA VM PES JPB AMV JB AS AD BH SR SB MDM LT EE RPN SG CP TR DVH MD JN NW DA AAC BK HH HM JE TS CVD JM APM RW JP CW PM JGP YJ HS BZA JK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CL AAC AD JK CVD. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: BPP AA BZA. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: BPP AA AV AW JGA VM PES AMV DEA BK TS JM RW JP JGP YJ HS BZA JK. Agree with the manuscript’s results and conclusions: BZA BPP AA AW AV IN NF PES JGA VM JPB AMV JB AS CL BH SR SB MDM LT EE RPN SG CP TR DVH MD NW AAC AD HH HM JE JK DA TS BK CVD JM APM RW CW PM JP JGP YJ HS. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship.